漏洞什么意思？又被翻譯帶歪了，直到看到英文單詞 Bug 我才恍然大悟。

科學技術飛速發(fā)展，創(chuàng)造了更多新詞匯，外來語也越來越多，世界趨于大同。

1 英語原意

缺陷、漏洞 bug

2 英文解釋

2.1 單詞解釋

1）bug noun (INSECT)

a very small insect

小蟲子

范例

• Hang on - there's a bug in your hair - let me get it out for you.
• Will this spray get rid of those little black bugs that are attacking my shrubs?

2）bug noun (ILLNESS)

a bacteria or a virus causing an illness that is usually not serious

（引起小毛病的）細菌;病毒

• I had a tummy/stomach bug last week.
  上周我的腸胃出了點小毛病。
• There's a bug going around (= an illness that many people are getting).
  有種細菌引起的疾病現(xiàn)正在流行。

3）bug noun (COMPUTER PROBLEM)

a mistake or problem in a computer program

（計算機程序中出現(xiàn)的）缺陷，漏洞

• A bug caused the company's computer system to crash.
  程序缺陷導致公司的計算機系統(tǒng)崩潰。

3 Why Do We Call Them Bugs?為什么我們叫它們蟲子？

The term "bug" predates the invention of computers, and we don't actually know who originally coined the term "bug" to refer to an engineering defect. In written records, historians have traced it back to Thomas Edison in the 1870s at the earliest.

“bug”這個詞在計算機發(fā)明之前就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了，我們并不知道是誰最初創(chuàng)造了“bug”這個詞來指代工程缺陷。在書面記錄中，歷史學家最早將其追溯到19世紀70年代的托馬斯愛迪生。

Edison used the term in his personal notes and correspondence to mean a difficult problem that needed solving or an engineering defect that needed fixing. He even joked about the term being related to insects, writing in an 1878 letter:

愛迪生在他的個人筆記和信件中使用這個詞來表示需要解決的難題或需要修復的工程缺陷。他甚至開玩笑說這個詞與昆蟲有關，在1878年的一封信中寫道：

"You were partly correct, I did find a 'bug' in my apparatus, but it was not in the telephone proper. It was of the genus 'callbellum.' The insect appears to find conditions for its existence in all call apparatus of Telephones."
“你說得有一部分是對的，我確實在我的儀器里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個‘竊聽器’，但它不在電話里。這是屬于callbellum。“這種昆蟲似乎在所有電話的通話裝置中找到了生存的條件。"

While some take Edison's examples to mean that he coined the term "bug," it's possible that it originated from someone else earlier and that he merely popularized the term among his engineering friends and associates. The Oxford English Dictionary cites an 1889 example related to Edison that describes a bug as a metaphor for an insect crawling into a piece of equipment and making it malfunction, suggesting that a real bug doing just that might have originally inspired the term, similar to the term "fly in the ointment."

雖然有些人拿愛迪生的例子來說明他創(chuàng)造了“bug”這個詞，但也有可能這個詞是早些時候來自其他人，他只是在他的工程師朋友和同事中推廣了這個詞。《牛津英語詞典》引用了一個1889年與愛迪生有關的例子，將bug描述為一種昆蟲爬進一件設備并使其發(fā)生故障的隱喻，這表明一個真實的bug可能最初啟發(fā)了這個術語，類似于“美中不足”。

Setting the word "bug" aside for a moment, the first known person in history to realize that software may malfunction due to errors in programming was Ada Lovelace. She wrote about the problem way back in 1843 in her commentary about Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine.

把“bug”這個詞放在一邊，歷史上第一個認識到軟件可能由于編程錯誤而發(fā)生故障的人是Ada Lovelace。早在1843年，她就在對查爾斯·巴貝奇的分析機的評論中提到了這個問題。

"To this it may be replied that an analysing process must equally have been performed in order to furnish the Analytical Engine with the necessary operative data; and that herein may also lie a possible source of error. Granted that the actual mechanism is unerring in its processes, the cards may give it wrong orders."
“對此，可以回答說，分析過程必須同樣進行，以便為分析機提供必要的 執(zhí)行部分 數(shù)據(jù);并且這里也可能存在錯誤的可能來源。假設實際的機制在其過程中是正確的， 卡 可能會給予錯誤的命令。“

In this quote, Lovelace refers to the actual calculating mechanism being error-free in the way that it processes data, but stipulates that the data fed to it by humans (as programmed on cards at the time) could give the machine the wrong instructions and thus produce the wrong results.

在這段引文中，洛夫萊斯提到實際的計算機制在處理數(shù)據(jù)的方式上是無錯誤的，但規(guī)定人類輸入的數(shù)據(jù)（就像當時在卡片上編程的那樣）可能會給機器給予錯誤的指令，從而產(chǎn)生錯誤的結(jié)果。

What About Grace Hopper's Moth?格蕾絲·霍珀的飛蛾怎么樣？

For decades, books, magazines, and websites have erroneously reported that the term "bug" was coined by legendary computer scientist Grace Hopper when a moth flew into the relays of the Harvard Mark II computer and caused it to malfunction. As the story goes, she then taped the moth into a logbook and wrote a historical note: "First actual case of bug being found."

幾十年來，書籍、雜志和網(wǎng)站都錯誤地報道說，“bug”一詞是由傳奇計算機科學家格蕾絲·霍珀（Grace Hopper）創(chuàng)造的，當時一只飛蛾飛進了哈佛馬克II型計算機的繼電器，導致它出現(xiàn)故障。隨著故事的發(fā)展，她把飛蛾粘在一本日志里，并寫下了一個歷史記錄：“第一個發(fā)現(xiàn)蟲子的實際案例?！?/p>

While a moth really did fly into the Mark II in 1947, it wasn't the inspiration for the terms "bug" or "debug," both of which predate the incident. Also, it's not entirely clear that the moth actually made the computer malfunction, just that it was an amusing find while they were fixing other defects. Hopper made the story famous by telling it in a widely cited November 1968 interview:

雖然1947年確實有一只飛蛾飛進了Mark II，但它并不是“bug”或“debug”這兩個術語的靈感來源，這兩個術語都是在事件發(fā)生之前。此外，目前還不完全清楚，飛蛾實際上是計算機故障，只是這是一個有趣的發(fā)現(xiàn)，而他們正在修復其他缺陷?；翮暝?968年11月的一次采訪中講述了這個著名的故事：

When we were debugging Mark II, it was over in another building, and the windows had no screens on them and we were working on it at night, of course, and all the bugs in the world came in. And, one night she conked out, and we went to look for the bug and found an actual large moth, about four inches wing span, in one of the relays beaten to death, and we took it out and put it in the log book and pasted scotch tape over it, and as far as I know, that's still in the historical log book up at Harvard (we found an actual bug in the computer)."
“當我們調(diào)試Mark II時，它在另一棟建筑物中，窗戶上沒有屏幕，我們在晚上工作，當然，世界上所有的蟲子都進來了。有一天晚上，她睡著了，我們?nèi)フ蚁x子，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只真正的大飛蛾，大約四英寸翼展，在一個繼電器中被打死了，我們把它拿出來，把它放在日志簿里，用透明膠帶粘在上面，據(jù)我所知，這仍然在哈佛的歷史日志里（我們在計算機中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個真正的蟲子）?！?br/>

Hopper found the story amusing because, after frequently hunting down bugs in the computer (as in hardware and software defects), her team had finally found an actual, literal insect inside the computer. Hence the inscription, "First actual case of bug being found."

霍珀發(fā)現(xiàn)這個故事很有趣，因為在頻繁地尋找計算機中的錯誤（如硬件和軟件缺陷）之后，她的團隊終于在計算機中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個真實的昆蟲。因此，上面寫著：“第一個發(fā)現(xiàn)bug的實際案例。“

(As an interesting aside, Hopper describes the Mark IV moth as "beaten to death," likely because of the damage from getting caught within the movement of the computer's electromechanical relays, which suggests the computer continued to function while the moth was in there.)

(As有趣的是，霍珀將Mark IV蛾描述為“被毆打致死”，可能是因為計算機機電繼電器的運動造成的損壞，這表明計算機在蛾在那里時繼續(xù)運行。

Historians don't know whether it was Hopper's log book, or who actually wrote the entry, but today, the Harvard Mark II log book resides in the National Museum of American History at the Smithsonian in Washington, D.C.

歷史學家不知道這是否是霍珀的日志，也不知道是誰寫的，但今天，哈佛馬克二世的日志保存在華盛頓，華盛頓特區(qū)史密森尼博物館的國家美國歷史博物館

4 中文解釋

Bug一詞的原意是“昆蟲”或“蟲子”，而在電腦系統(tǒng)或程序中隱藏著的一些未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的缺陷或問題，人們也叫它“bug”。

Bug，指軟件中的缺陷，它可能會引發(fā)軟件失效。

“Bug”的創(chuàng)始人格蕾絲·赫柏（Grace Murray Hopper），是一位為美國海軍工作的電腦專家，也是最早將人類語言融入到電腦程序的人之一。而代表電腦程序出錯的“bug” 這名字，正是由赫柏所取的。1947年9月9日，赫柏對Harvard Mark II設置好17000個繼電器進行編程后，技術人員正在進行整機運行時，它突然停止了工作。于是他們爬上去找原因，發(fā)現(xiàn)這臺巨大的計算機內(nèi)部一組繼電器的觸點之間有一只飛蛾，這顯然是由于飛蛾受光和熱的吸引，飛到了觸點上，然后被高電壓擊死。所以在報告中，赫柏用膠條貼上飛蛾，并把“bug”來表示“一個在電腦程序里的錯誤”，“Bug”這個說法一直沿用到今天。

科技并不是一蹴而就，而是一步一步發(fā)展而來，現(xiàn)在的高端科技，背后都有一個無比精彩的故事。