美國船級社（ABS）近期發(fā)布通告，針對散貨船首樓區(qū)域排水系統(tǒng)手動吸入閥（dewatering system manually operated suction valves）的合規(guī)性問題發(fā)出明確警示。通告顯示，ABS在近期檢查中發(fā)現(xiàn)兩艘分屬不同船東/管理公司的散貨船，均存在手動吸入閥關(guān)閉或設(shè)置操作限制缺陷。

1st Case: The suction valve was found in the closed position with a warning sign instructing the crew tokeep it closed while in port to avoid accidental discharges.

案例一：吸入閥處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài)，且附有警示標(biāo)識，明確要求船員在港期間保持閥門關(guān)閉，以防發(fā)生意外排放。

? 2nd Case: A label above the dewatering valve stated: “DO NOT OPEN WITHOUT CHIEF OFFICER’SPERMISSION”.

案例二：排水閥上方的標(biāo)識顯示：“未經(jīng)大副許可，嚴(yán)禁開啟”。

公約要求（散貨船）

SOLAS公約第十二章第13.1條結(jié)合MSC/Circ.1069通函及IACS UI SC179修訂版3號文件規(guī)定：

S74/CXII/R13: Refer to the Interpretation of SOLAS regulation XII/13 (MSC/Circ.1069).(This regulation applies to bulk carriers regardless of their date of construction)

1 On bulk carriers, the means for draining and pumping ballast tanks forward of the collision bulkhead and bilges of dry spaces any part of which extends forward of the foremost cargo hold shall be capable of being brought into operation from a readily accessible enclosed space, the location of which is accessible from the navigation bridge or propulsion machinery control position without traversing exposed freeboard or superstructure decks. Where pipes serving such tanks or bilges pierce the collision bulkhead, valve operation by means of remotely operated actuators may be accepted, as an alternative to the valve control specified in regulation II-1/12, provided that the location of such valve controls complies with this regulation.

2 Bulk carriers constructed before 1 July 2004 shall comply with the requirements of this regulation not later than the date of the first intermediate or renewal survey of the ship to be carried out after 1 July 2004, but, in no case, later than1 July 2007.

對于散貨船，碰撞艙壁前方壓載艙的排水和泵送裝置，以及任何部分延伸至最前貨艙前方的干貨艙艙底水排水和泵送裝置，均應(yīng)能從一個易于到達的封閉空間啟動操作。該封閉空間的位置應(yīng)滿足：從駕駛臺或推進機械控制位置可直接到達，無需穿越露天干舷甲板或上層建筑甲板。若為上述壓載艙或艙底水服務(wù)的管道穿透碰撞艙壁，則可采用遙控執(zhí)行器操作閥門，作為第 II-1/12 條規(guī)則規(guī)定的閥門控制方式的替代方案，但此類閥門控制裝置的安裝位置必須符合本規(guī)則要求。

MSC/Circ.1069：

1 The spaces where availability of pumping systems is required in accordance with paragraph 1 of SOLAS regulation XII/13 should be the same watertight spaces where water level detectors are required in accordance with paragraph 1.3 of SOLAS regulation XII/12.

2 This means that paragraph 1 of regulation XII/13 does not apply to the enclosed spaces the volume of which does not exceed 0.1% of the ship's maximum displacement volume and to the chain cable locker.

要求配備水位探測器的水密艙室保持一致，就是要有聲光報警器。

容積不超過船舶最大排水量 0.1% 的封閉艙室和錨鏈艙，不需安裝聲光報警器。

ABS強調(diào)，公約已通過系統(tǒng)設(shè)計層面規(guī)避意外排放風(fēng)險，無需通過關(guān)閉閥門的方式防控意外排放。

這意味著，在港口等停泊場景下，只要不主動操作遙控閥和啟動相關(guān)泵組，即使手動吸入閥保持開啟，也不會發(fā)生意外排放。船方以“防排放”為由關(guān)閉手動吸入閥，本質(zhì)上是對系統(tǒng)設(shè)計邏輯的誤解。

檢查要點

1、相關(guān)處所是否設(shè)有水位探測器，安裝位置是否符合要求，并且在駕駛室顯示聲、光報警。

2、水位指示器應(yīng)該能夠由兩個獨立的電源供電。主電源發(fā)生故障時應(yīng)發(fā)出警報。

3、排放和泵吸位于防撞艙壁前方的壓載艙的壓載水以及其任何部分延伸至最前部貨艙前方的干燥處所的艙底水的閥門應(yīng)能在集中控制室遙控控制。

4、檢查相關(guān)閥門是否處在正確的開或者關(guān)的位置。

5、檢查泵吸系統(tǒng)是否能正常排出處所內(nèi)的液體。

6、檢查船員是否知曉報警的含義，是否熟悉系統(tǒng)的操作。

常見缺陷

1、船員不熟悉泵系有效性原理功能及設(shè)備的操作步驟。

2、排水閥門故障，遙控操作失效?！癟HE DEWATERING VALVES INSTALLED IN BOSUN STORE AND F.P.T BULKHEAD OUT OF ORDER AS UNABLE TO BE OPERATED REMOTELY FROM BRIDGE”

3、控制面板上遙控開關(guān)按鈕的標(biāo)識序號與遙控閥的就地標(biāo)識序號不一致。

4、相關(guān)處所用于排水的泵系存在缺陷，無法實現(xiàn)排水。“PUMP SYSTEM FAILED TO DRAIN WATER FROM FORE PEAK TANK”

5、艏尖艙排水結(jié)束后，報警裝置的越控開關(guān)沒有及時復(fù)位，導(dǎo)致該處所水位失去監(jiān)測。

6、相關(guān)處所的水位探測器損壞、故障、誤報警，安裝位置不符合要求。

7、污水井中有雜物，排水管路堵塞。

8、進水報警系統(tǒng)故障、失效。

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