量子導(dǎo)航技術(shù)在英國(guó)鐵路取得重大突破

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英國(guó)鐵路在量子導(dǎo)航技術(shù)研發(fā)領(lǐng)域邁出關(guān)鍵一步，專為鐵路網(wǎng)研發(fā)、可超高精度定位列車位置的新型導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)取得重要進(jìn)展。

量子慣性導(dǎo)航技術(shù)采用超高靈敏度傳感器，能夠捕捉運(yùn)動(dòng)與旋轉(zhuǎn)中的極細(xì)微變化。與GPS等衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)不同，該技術(shù)不依賴外部信號(hào)，即便在隧道、密集建筑區(qū)域或信號(hào)受干擾的環(huán)境中，仍可提供高穩(wěn)定性定位。

現(xiàn)有軌道旁固定定位設(shè)施安裝與維護(hù)成本高昂，且易受環(huán)境破壞、設(shè)備故障影響。量子導(dǎo)航技術(shù)有望成為其未來替代方案，建成后將實(shí)現(xiàn)更低成本、更可靠、更抗干擾的定位系統(tǒng)。

在該研發(fā)項(xiàng)目中，用于鐵路系統(tǒng)的量子慣性導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)（RQINS）在全球范圍內(nèi)首次完成實(shí)車測(cè)試。

2026年3月3日，該系統(tǒng)搭載于英國(guó)GTR的運(yùn)營(yíng)列車上，在倫敦市中心與韋林花園市之間線路運(yùn)行，獲取真實(shí)運(yùn)營(yíng)數(shù)據(jù)，用于評(píng)估量子定位技術(shù)在國(guó)家鐵路網(wǎng)實(shí)際環(huán)境中的表現(xiàn)，為后續(xù)研發(fā)提供支撐。

這一里程碑成果基于英國(guó)國(guó)防部及倫敦交通局此前的相關(guān)研究，標(biāo)志著鐵路量子傳感技術(shù)研發(fā)走出了一大步。

該研發(fā)項(xiàng)目由專業(yè)聯(lián)盟推進(jìn)，MoniRail牽頭，聯(lián)合倫敦帝國(guó)理工學(xué)院、薩塞克斯大學(xué)、英國(guó)奎奈蒂克集團(tuán)（QinetiQ）、博敦咨詢（PA Consulting）及英國(guó)國(guó)家物理實(shí)驗(yàn)室共同開展，并獲得英國(guó)創(chuàng)新署與英國(guó)科學(xué)、創(chuàng)新與技術(shù)部（DSIT）支持。項(xiàng)目由英國(guó)鐵路集團(tuán)戰(zhàn)略創(chuàng)新技術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)GBRX牽頭統(tǒng)籌，旨在加速戰(zhàn)略性技術(shù)落地應(yīng)用，提升客運(yùn)與貨運(yùn)鐵路的服務(wù)水平。

GBRX董事總經(jīng)理圖菲克·馬克努克表示：

1、在復(fù)雜的鐵路網(wǎng)絡(luò)中研發(fā)新技術(shù)，是推動(dòng)前沿技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)際運(yùn)營(yíng)能力的關(guān)鍵。

2、量子傳感是英國(guó)政府重點(diǎn)布局的前沿技術(shù)領(lǐng)域。鐵路作為國(guó)內(nèi)最復(fù)雜的運(yùn)營(yíng)系統(tǒng)之一，為這類技術(shù)的研發(fā)與規(guī)?；瘧?yīng)用提供了絕佳平臺(tái)，其成果不僅服務(wù)鐵路，還可向外拓展。

3、該項(xiàng)目正式開啟量子定位技術(shù)對(duì)鐵路運(yùn)行模式的顛覆性重塑研究。未來，它可降低對(duì)高成本軌道旁定位系統(tǒng)的依賴，同時(shí)為信號(hào)控制、運(yùn)營(yíng)效率提升、路網(wǎng)規(guī)劃、設(shè)備狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)及更智能化的鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)提供全新能力。

4、本次測(cè)試是研發(fā)進(jìn)程中早期但至關(guān)重要的一步，也彰顯了政府、學(xué)界與產(chǎn)業(yè)界協(xié)同合作，能夠有效加速量子通信這一前沿技術(shù)的發(fā)展。

原文=>

Step forward taken in quantum navigation technology for rail

Britain’s railway has taken a major step in the development of quantum navigation technologies, with new systems designed to measure train position with extreme precision now being advanced for the national rail network.

Quantum inertial navigation uses ultra-sensitive sensors capable of detecting minute changes in motion and rotation. Unlike satellite-based navigation systems such as GPS, it does not rely on external signals, meaning it could provide highly resilient positioning even in environments where satellite signals are unavailable, including tunnels, dense infrastructure or areas affected by interference.

The technology is being developed as a potential future alternative to fixed trackside positioning infrastructure, which can be costly to install and maintain and are vulnerable to environmental disruption or equipment failures. Once developed, quantum will enable a lower cost, more reliable, more resilient system.

As part of this development programme, a Rail Quantum Inertial Navigation System (RQINS) has now been tested on a mainline railway for the first time anywhere in the world. The system was carried on a Great Northern train operated by Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR) between central London and Welwyn Garden City on Tuesday 3 March, providing real-world data to help understand how quantum positioning technologies perform within the operational environment of a national railway network to inform its development.

This milestone builds on work undertaken by the Ministry of Defence and on Transport for London’s network and represents the next step in developing quantum sensing technologies for use on heavy rail.

The development programme is being progressed through a specialist consortium led by MoniRail, working with Imperial College London, the University of Sussex, QinetiQ, PA Consulting and the National Physical Laboratory, with support from Innovate UK and the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT).

This development is convened by GBRX, the strategic innovation and technology body for Great British Railways, to accelerate the adoption of strategic technologies that improve the railway for passengers and freight.

Toufic Machnouk, managing director of GBRX, commented: “Developing new technologies within the complexity of a railway network is essential to understanding how frontier technologies can be translated into operational capability.

“Quantum sensing is one of the UK Government’s frontier technological priorities. Railways, as one of the country’s most complex operational systems, provide a powerful platform for developing and scaling these capabilities for rail and beyond.

“This programme begins the process of understanding how quantum positioning could fundamentally reshape how railways work. In the future, it could reduce reliance on costly trackside positioning systems while enabling new capabilities for signalling, improved operational performance, network planning, enhanced condition monitoring and more intelligent railway operations.

“This test represents an early but important step in that development journey and demonstrates how collaboration between government, academia and industry can accelerate the development of frontier technologies.”

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