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林下經(jīng)濟(jì)作為一種可持續(xù)的生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式，正從傳統(tǒng)的林下種植、養(yǎng)殖向多元復(fù)合型產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型。隨著“兩山理論”的深入實(shí)踐和鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施，林下空間的價(jià)值被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)和定義。與此同時(shí)，文旅市場(chǎng)經(jīng)歷了從觀光旅游到體驗(yàn)式消費(fèi)的深刻變革，城市人群對(duì)自然、健康、療愈型產(chǎn)品的需求急劇增長(zhǎng)。這兩個(gè)趨勢(shì)的交匯點(diǎn)，正是林下休閑產(chǎn)業(yè)的巨大發(fā)展空間。當(dāng)前文旅消費(fèi)呈現(xiàn)三大特征：一是“深度體驗(yàn)”取代“淺層觀光”，游客更渴望參與性和互動(dòng)性強(qiáng)的活動(dòng)；二是“健康導(dǎo)向”成為主流，森林康養(yǎng)、自然療愈等概念備受追捧；三是“文化賦能”價(jià)值凸顯，單純的自然景觀已不足以吸引消費(fèi)者，需要文化內(nèi)涵的注入。

一、林下休閑可植入的產(chǎn)品業(yè)態(tài)體系健康療愈類業(yè)態(tài)：森林康養(yǎng)基地利用森林環(huán)境中高負(fù)氧離子、植物芬多精等天然療愈因子，開(kāi)發(fā)系列健康產(chǎn)品。浙江天目山森林康養(yǎng)基地打造了“森林冥想”“樹(shù)木療法”“森林瑜伽”等特色項(xiàng)目，配備專業(yè)森林療養(yǎng)師，針對(duì)亞健康人群、慢性病患者設(shè)計(jì)不同療程。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，該基地年接待康養(yǎng)游客超3萬(wàn)人次，人均停留時(shí)間達(dá)4.2天，遠(yuǎn)高于普通景區(qū)。林下溫泉與藥?。航Y(jié)合林下中草藥種植，開(kāi)發(fā)特色藥浴產(chǎn)品。福建武夷山林下溫泉度假區(qū)種植了近百種藥用植物，開(kāi)發(fā)出“杜仲溫泉”“靈芝浴”等主題泡池，將林下種植與休閑體驗(yàn)直接鏈接，形成“種—采—制—用”的完整體驗(yàn)鏈。自然教育類業(yè)態(tài)：森林自然學(xué)校針對(duì)親子家庭和學(xué)校團(tuán)體，開(kāi)發(fā)系列自然教育課程。四川青城山森林學(xué)校設(shè)計(jì)了“樹(shù)木辨識(shí)大賽”“森林夜觀”“年輪密碼”等課程，由專業(yè)自然教育導(dǎo)師帶領(lǐng)參與者學(xué)習(xí)生態(tài)知識(shí)。該校年接待學(xué)生團(tuán)體超過(guò)500批次，成為區(qū)域自然教育標(biāo)桿。林下農(nóng)耕體驗(yàn)園：在林間空地開(kāi)辟小型生態(tài)農(nóng)場(chǎng)，讓游客參與林菌、林藥、林菜的種植與采收。北京延慶林下經(jīng)濟(jì)示范區(qū)設(shè)置了“我的蘑菇屋”體驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目，游客可認(rèn)養(yǎng)菌棒、學(xué)習(xí)培育技術(shù)，并通過(guò)線上平臺(tái)觀察生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程，將單次消費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)化為長(zhǎng)期互動(dòng)。文化創(chuàng)意類業(yè)態(tài)：森林藝術(shù)聚落利用林間空地打造藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作與展示空間。日本輕井澤的“森林藝術(shù)走廊”邀請(qǐng)藝術(shù)家以森林為背景創(chuàng)作裝置藝術(shù)，每年舉辦森林藝術(shù)節(jié)，吸引了大量藝術(shù)愛(ài)好者和游客。國(guó)內(nèi)類似的嘗試如莫干山的“竹林劇場(chǎng)”，在竹林中搭建天然舞臺(tái)，上演沉浸式環(huán)境戲劇。林下手工藝作坊：結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)胤沁z技藝，開(kāi)發(fā)林材手工藝體驗(yàn)。貴州黔東南利用林下資源優(yōu)勢(shì)，建立侗族草木染工坊，游客可學(xué)習(xí)用板藍(lán)根等林下植物進(jìn)行布料染色，制作獨(dú)一無(wú)二的紀(jì)念品。這種業(yè)態(tài)既保護(hù)了傳統(tǒng)技藝，又創(chuàng)造了經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。沉浸體驗(yàn)類業(yè)態(tài)：森林沉浸式劇場(chǎng)以整個(gè)森林為舞臺(tái)背景，打造行進(jìn)式觀演體驗(yàn)。廣州從化打造的《森林密碼》沉浸式劇場(chǎng)，利用聲光電技術(shù)和自然景觀結(jié)合，講述森林生態(tài)故事，觀眾隨著劇情發(fā)展在林間小徑移動(dòng)觀看，獲得多維感官體驗(yàn)。林宿創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品：超越傳統(tǒng)木屋，打造多樣化林間住宿體驗(yàn)。云南西雙版納的“樹(shù)梢酒店”采用生態(tài)友好的輕型材料搭建于樹(shù)林中層，既保護(hù)了地表生態(tài)，又提供了獨(dú)特的視角；浙江松陽(yáng)的“森林泡泡屋”采用透明材料，讓住客360度沉浸于森林景觀中。運(yùn)動(dòng)探險(xiǎn)類業(yè)態(tài)：林間低空運(yùn)動(dòng)在確保生態(tài)安全的前提下，開(kāi)發(fā)適合林間環(huán)境的輕運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。張家界森林公園引入“森林滑索”“樹(shù)冠走廊”等項(xiàng)目，讓游客在樹(shù)冠層移動(dòng)，體驗(yàn)獨(dú)特的視角和適度的刺激感。生態(tài)探險(xiǎn)路徑：針對(duì)不同體能水平的游客，設(shè)計(jì)差異化的森林探險(xiǎn)路線。臺(tái)灣阿里山推出的“森林探險(xiǎn)家”系列路線，包括適合家庭的“精靈小徑”、適合徒步愛(ài)好者的“神木尋蹤”以及適合專業(yè)登山者的“日出巔峰”路線，滿足不同客群需求。夜間經(jīng)濟(jì)類業(yè)態(tài)：星空觀測(cè)營(yíng)地利用森林環(huán)境光污染少的優(yōu)勢(shì)，開(kāi)發(fā)天文觀測(cè)產(chǎn)品。內(nèi)蒙古大興安嶺的“森林星空營(yíng)地”提供專業(yè)天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡和指導(dǎo)服務(wù)，結(jié)合鄂倫春族星空傳說(shuō)講解，打造獨(dú)特的文化星空體驗(yàn)。夜態(tài)森林探索：開(kāi)發(fā)夜間森林觀察項(xiàng)目。上海辰山植物園的“夜探辰山”活動(dòng)，在專業(yè)向?qū)ьI(lǐng)下觀察夜間活動(dòng)的動(dòng)植物，使用紅外攝像等設(shè)備，揭開(kāi)了森林夜晚的神秘面紗，深受親子家庭歡迎。

As a sustainable ecological economic model, the forest floor economy is transforming from traditional forest floor planting and breeding to a diversified and composite industry. With the in-depth practice of the "Two Mountains Theory" and the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, the value of forest floor space has been rediscovered and redefined. Meanwhile, the cultural and tourism market has undergone a profound transformation from sightseeing tourism to experiential consumption, and the demand for natural, healthy and healing products among urban residents has grown sharply. The intersection of these two trends precisely represents the vast development space for the under-forest leisure industry. At present, cultural and tourism consumption presents three major characteristics: First, "in-depth experience" replaces "shallow sightseeing", and tourists are more eager for activities that are highly participatory and interactive. Second, "health-oriented" has become mainstream, and concepts such as forest health care and natural healing are highly sought after. Thirdly, the value of "cultural empowerment" has become prominent. Simple natural landscapes are no longer sufficient to attract consumers; the infusion of cultural connotations is needed.

I. A product format system that can be implanted for forest floor leisure

Health and healing business format: Forest health and wellness base: Utilizing natural healing factors such as high negative oxygen ions and plant phytoncides in the forest environment, a series of health products are developed. The Tianmu Mountain Forest Health and Wellness Base in Zhejiang Province has developed distinctive programs such as "Forest Meditation", "Tree Therapy", and "Forest Yoga", equipped with professional forest health therapists who design different treatment courses for sub-healthy individuals and patients with chronic diseases. Data shows that the base receives over 30,000 health and wellness tourists annually, with an average stay of 4.2 days per person, which is much longer than that of ordinary scenic spots. Hot springs and medicinal baths under the forest

By integrating the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines under the forest, develop characteristic medicinal bath products. The forest undergrowth Hot spring Resort in Wuyi Mountain, Fujian Province, has planted nearly a hundred kinds of medicinal plants and developed theme hot spring pools such as "Eucommia Hot Spring" and "Ganoderma lucidum Bath", directly linking forest undergrowth planting with leisure experiences and forming a complete experience chain of "planting - harvesting - processing - application". Nature education business format: Forest Nature School: Develop a series of nature education courses for parent-child families and school groups. Sichuan Qingcheng Mountain Forest School has designed courses such as "Tree Identification Competition", "Forest Night Observation", and "Tree Ring Code", where professional nature education instructors lead participants to learn ecological knowledge. The school receives over 500 batches of student groups each year and has become a benchmark for regional nature education. Under-forest Farming Experience Park: A small ecological farm is set up in the open space among the trees, allowing visitors to participate in the planting and harvesting of forest mushrooms, forest medicines and forest vegetables. The Yanqing Forest Economy Demonstration Zone in Beijing has set up the "My Mushroom House" experience project. Tourists can adopt mushroom sticks, learn cultivation techniques, and observe the growth process through an online platform, transforming single consumption into long-term interaction.

Cultural and creative business format: Forest Art Cluster: Utilizing open Spaces in the forest to create Spaces for art creation and exhibition. The "Forest Art Corridor" in Karuizawa, Japan, invites artists to create installation art against the backdrop of the forest and holds a forest art festival every year, attracting a large number of art lovers and tourists. Similar domestic attempts include the "Bamboo Forest Theatre" in Moganshan, which builds a natural stage in the bamboo forest to stage immersive environmental dramas. Forest-based handicraft workshop: Combining local intangible cultural heritage skills, developing forest-based handicraft experiences. In Qiandongnan, Guizhou Province, taking advantage of the forest floor resources, Dong ethnic group's plant dyeing workshops have been established. Tourists can learn to dye fabrics with forest floor plants such as Isatis indigotica and make unique souvenirs. This business format not only protects traditional craftsmanship but also creates economic benefits. Immersive experience business format: Forest Immersive Theater: With the entire forest as the stage background, it creates a moving viewing and performance experience. The immersive theater "Forest Code" created in Conghua, Guangzhou, combines audio-visual and lighting technologies with natural landscapes to tell stories about forest ecology. As the plot unfolds, the audience moves along the forest paths to watch and gain multi-dimensional sensory experiences. Innovative products of Lin Su: Surpassing traditional wooden houses, creating a diverse accommodation experience in the forest. The "Treetop Hotel" in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, is built in the middle layer of the forest with eco-friendly lightweight materials, which not only protects the surface ecology but also provides a unique perspective. The "Forest Bubble House" in Songyang, Zhejiang Province, uses transparent materials, allowing guests to immerse themselves in the forest landscape in 360 degrees.

二、成功案例深度分析

案例一：芬蘭“森林療愈”體系。芬蘭將全國(guó)森林資源系統(tǒng)性地轉(zhuǎn)化為健康產(chǎn)品，開(kāi)發(fā)出“森林療愈指南”認(rèn)證體系。游客可在指定森林中按照指導(dǎo)進(jìn)行感官練習(xí)、呼吸訓(xùn)練和輕度運(yùn)動(dòng)。政府與科研機(jī)構(gòu)合作，量化了森林環(huán)境對(duì)血壓、皮質(zhì)醇水平等健康指標(biāo)的改善效果，使產(chǎn)品具有科學(xué)可信度。該體系成功的關(guān)鍵在于將無(wú)形的健康效益轉(zhuǎn)化為可體驗(yàn)、可測(cè)量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化產(chǎn)品。

案例二：臺(tái)灣溪頭自然教育園區(qū)。位于臺(tái)灣中部的溪頭園區(qū)成功打造了“森林+”多元產(chǎn)品體系：針對(duì)學(xué)生的自然課程、針對(duì)銀發(fā)族的康養(yǎng)步道、針對(duì)年輕人的樹(shù)冠探險(xiǎn)，以及針對(duì)所有游客的竹林文創(chuàng)市集。園區(qū)特別設(shè)計(jì)了“森林證書(shū)”系統(tǒng)，游客完成不同體驗(yàn)可獲得相應(yīng)認(rèn)證，增強(qiáng)了重復(fù)游覽的動(dòng)力。園區(qū)年接待游客超過(guò)200萬(wàn)人次，其中近四成是回頭客。

案例三：江蘇溧陽(yáng)森林音樂(lè)節(jié)。溧陽(yáng)利用竹林資源，打造了國(guó)內(nèi)首個(gè)固定場(chǎng)地的森林音樂(lè)節(jié)。與普通音樂(lè)節(jié)不同，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)音樂(lè)與自然的融合——舞臺(tái)依地勢(shì)而建，音響系統(tǒng)經(jīng)過(guò)特殊調(diào)校以適應(yīng)森林環(huán)境，甚至開(kāi)發(fā)了“竹林聲音地圖”APP，游客可在不同位置聽(tīng)到不同混響效果的音樂(lè)。這一創(chuàng)新使音樂(lè)節(jié)從單純的文化活動(dòng)升級(jí)為沉浸式自然藝術(shù)體驗(yàn)。

三、發(fā)展建議與趨勢(shì)展望

林下休閑產(chǎn)品的成功需遵循三大原則：一是生態(tài)優(yōu)先，所有開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)以不破壞森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為前提；二是社區(qū)參與，讓當(dāng)?shù)鼐用癯蔀楫a(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)與運(yùn)營(yíng)的參與者而非旁觀者；三是四季均衡，設(shè)計(jì)不同季節(jié)的差異化產(chǎn)品，克服林業(yè)旅游的季節(jié)性限制。林下經(jīng)濟(jì)與文旅的融合，本質(zhì)上是將森林從資源儲(chǔ)存型空間轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閮r(jià)值生成型空間。通過(guò)精心設(shè)計(jì)的休閑業(yè)態(tài)，森林的生態(tài)價(jià)值得以轉(zhuǎn)化為人們可體驗(yàn)、可感知的美好生活載體，實(shí)現(xiàn)了生態(tài)保護(hù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的良性循環(huán)，這正是生態(tài)文明時(shí)代產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新的重要方向。

Ii. In-depth Analysis of Successful CasesCase One: Finland's "Forest Healing" System. Finland has systematically transformed its national forest resources into health products and developed the "Forest Healing Guide" certification system. Visitors can follow the instructions to do sensory exercises, breathing training and light physical activities in the designated forest. The government has collaborated with research institutions to quantify the improvement effects of forest environments on health indicators such as blood pressure and cortisol levels, making the product scientifically credible. The key to the success of this system lies in transforming intangible health benefits into standardized products that are experiential and measurable.

Case Two: Xitou Nature Education Park, Taiwan. The Xitou Park located in central Taiwan has successfully created a "Forest +" diversified product system: nature courses for students, health and wellness trails for the elderly, canopy adventures for young people, and a bamboo forest cultural and creative market for all visitors. The park has specially designed a "Forest Certificate" system. Visitors can obtain corresponding certifications by completing different experiences, which enhances their motivation to repeat the visit. The park receives over 2 million visitors annually, nearly 40% of whom are repeat customers.Case Three: Forest Music Festival in Liyang, Jiangsu Province Liyang has made use of its bamboo forest resources to create the first forest music festival in China with a fixed venue. Unlike ordinary music festivals, this one emphasizes the integration of music and nature - the stage is built according to the terrain, the sound system is specially tuned to adapt to the forest environment, and even a "Bamboo Forest Sound Map" APP has been developed, allowing visitors to listen to music with different reverberation effects at different positions. This innovation has upgraded the music festival from a mere cultural event to an immersive natural art experience.

Iii. Development Suggestions and Trend OutlookThe success of forest floor leisure products should follow three major principles: First, ecological priority. All development should be based on the premise of not damaging the forest ecosystem. The second is community participation, making local residents participants in product development and operation rather than bystanders. Third, achieve balance throughout the four seasons. Design differentiated products for different seasons to overcome the seasonal limitations of forestry tourism. The integration of forest economy and cultural tourism essentially transforms forests from resource storage Spaces into value generation Spaces. Through carefully designed leisure formats, the ecological value of forests has been transformed into carriers of a better life that people can experience and perceive, achieving a virtuous cycle of ecological protection and economic development. This is precisely an important direction for industrial innovation in the era of ecological civilization.

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