整理/秦珍子 制圖/張玉佳

　　溫故知新

　　溫習(xí)舊有的知識，并獲得新的理解與體會。有時也指回顧歷史，對當(dāng)代有新的指導(dǎo)意義。“溫”，溫習(xí)；“故”，指舊的、已知的知識；“新”，指新的、未知的知識。前人對“溫故知新”的理解主要有兩種：其一，將“溫故”與“知新”理解為并列的兩方面，認(rèn)為在“溫故”的同時就逐步獲得新知，“知新”在“溫故”的過程中得以實現(xiàn)。其二，將“溫故”理解為“知新”的前提與基礎(chǔ)，認(rèn)為沒有“溫故”，就不可能“知新”；“新”是“故”的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，并且摒棄了其中陳腐的舊見。“溫故知新”在今天已經(jīng)超出一般學(xué)習(xí)方法的意義，也是個體、企業(yè)、組織甚至一個國家自我成長的基本機(jī)理。其中包含新與舊、古與今、已知與未知、繼承與創(chuàng)新的辯證思想。

　　Review the Old and Learn the New

　　This term means to review what has been learned and to gain new understanding and new insights. It also means to obtain guidance in the present moment by recalling the past. Wen means to review; gu means knowledge that has been acquired in the past; xin means new and unexplored knowledge. Our predecessors had two main approaches to interpreting this term. According to one approach, reviewing the knowledge acquired in the past and understanding new knowledge should be understood as two actions taking place at the same time. In other words, one gains new knowledge in the course of reviewing the old. According to the other, reviewing the knowledge acquired in the past should be viewed as the basis and precondition for understanding new knowledge. Without reviewing, one would not be able to understand new knowledge. Furthermore, the new knowledge is a development of the old on the basis of rejecting stale and outdated ideas of the past. Today, what this term offers is more than a simple methodology for studying, but rather a fundamental mechanism for the development of an individual, an enterprise, an organization, or even a country. The term expresses a dialectical logic between the old and new, past and present, known and unknown, and inheritance and innovation.

　　引例

　　溫故而知新，可以為師矣。（《論語·為政》）（溫習(xí)舊有的知識，并獲得新的理解與體會，這樣就可以成為他人的老師了。）

　　Reviewing what you have acquired and learning anew, this way you can be a teacher for others. (The Analects)

來源：中國青年報客戶端