來源：市場資訊

（來源：WE外語教學(xué)）

祖先能教給我們哪些睡眠知識？

What can our ancestors

teach us about sleep?

?攝圖網(wǎng)

常速 | 六級（易） | 412詞 | 2min47s

#1

QUESTIONS

Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.

Q1. What was a common sleep pattern in many parts of the world in past centuries?

A. Sleeping in two separate periods during the night.

B. Sleeping for short intervals throughout the day.

C. Sleeping for exactly eight continuous hours.

D. Sleeping only after midnight.

Q2. According to the passage, what greatly influences circadian rhythms?

A. The amount of exercise a person gets before bedtime.

B. The level of light a person is exposed to.

C. The kind of food consumed in the evening.

D. The number of hours spent working outdoors.

Q3. What did study participants begin to show when exposed to 14 hours of darkness per day?

A. Increased difficulty falling asleep.

B. A tendency to wake frequently during the night.

C. A biphasal or segmented sleeping pattern.

D. A complete shift to daytime sleeping.

Q4. What can be inferred about segmented sleep based on expert opinions?

A. It is the most efficient sleep pattern for modern workers.

B. It guarantees better memory performance for everyone.

C. It eliminates the need for regular sleep schedules.

D. Its risks and benefits remain unclear due to limited research.

Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Modern life has eliminated the need for natural sleep cycles.

B. Human sleep patterns may be influenced by both historical practices and modern lifestyles.

C. People should return to segmented sleep to improve health.

D. Electric light has created better sleep habits than those in the past.

#2

QUESTIONS

Please check your answers.

Q1. A.【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題目出處為：“Historical studies have shown that in many parts of the world it was common for people to sleep in two sections, from dusk until around 11 and then from one in the morning until sunrise.” 意為：“歷史研究顯示，在世界許多地區(qū)，人們通常采用兩段式睡眠，即先從黃昏睡到大約11點(diǎn)，然后從凌晨一點(diǎn)睡到日出時分?！?根據(jù)這句話可以推理，常見的睡眠模式是分段睡眠，因此答案為 A。

Q2. B.【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題目出處為：“The circadian rhythms that determine when we start to feel drowsy are greatly affected by light.” 意為：“決定我們何時開始感到困倦的晝夜節(jié)律受到光線的強(qiáng)烈影響?！备鶕?jù)這句話可以推理，光線是影響晝夜節(jié)律的主要因素，因此答案為 B。

Q3. C.【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題目出處為：“Study participants subjected to 14 hours of complete darkness a day started to develop a biphasal sleeping pattern.” 意為：“每天處于14小時完全黑暗環(huán)境中的研究參與者開始形成雙段式睡眠模式?！?因此答案為 C。

Q4. D.【解析】本題為推理題。題目出處為：“Experts caution that the small number of studies carried out means that the risks and benefits of segmented sleeping are not well understood.” 意為：“專家提醒，由于相關(guān)研究數(shù)量較少，分段睡眠的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和益處尚未得到充分理解。” 因此答案為 D。

Q5. B.【解析】本題為主旨題。文章開頭提出問題“是否現(xiàn)代生活使我們形成了現(xiàn)在的睡眠模式”，文中討論了人造光源、固定工作時間、歷史上的分段睡眠模式、晝夜節(jié)律研究等內(nèi)容，并在結(jié)尾提醒人們要注意光線與睡眠模式之間的關(guān)系。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可以推理，文章核心觀點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)代生活和歷史睡眠模式都可能影響我們的睡眠，因此答案為 B。

#3

TRANSCRIPT

Review the passage. Take note of any information you might have missed earlier and enhance your comprehension.

?攝圖網(wǎng)

What can our ancestors teach us about sleep?

We’ve all heard advice about good sleep hygiene. No phones or caffeine before bed, and make sure that we get a good eight hours’ rest. But is this the best sleep pattern, or have we just been led to it by modern life?

Artificial light in our houses and streets means that we no longer have to go to bed at sundown. Having a job to go to at a set time in the morning can be the main determining factor on when we decide to rouse ourselves. In past centuries, the time of sunset and sunrise had a much bigger impact on people’s days. (Q1) Historical studies have shown that in many parts of the world it was common for people to sleep in two sections, from dusk until around 11 and then from one in the morning until sunrise. This segmented or biphasal sleep pattern is referred to as far back in history as ancient Greece.

biphasal sleep pattern 雙相睡眠模式

So, if modern sleep patterns are in some part due to modern lifestyles and technologies, could segmented sleep patterns be more natural? Some studies suggest that they are. (Q2) The circadian rhythms that determine when we start to feel drowsy are greatly affected by light. (Q3) Study participants subjected to 14 hours of complete darkness a day started to develop a biphasal sleeping pattern. As recently as 2017, similar patterns have also been seen in some communities in rural Madagascar that do not have access to electric light.

circadian adj. 晝夜節(jié)律的；生理節(jié)奏的

drowsy adj. 昏昏欲睡的；困倦的

subject v. 使經(jīng)受；使遭受

They may be more natural, but are these sleeping patterns healthier? (Q4) Experts caution that the small number of studies carried out means that the risks and benefits of segmented sleeping are not well understood. Nevertheless, some people have found it to be a useful way to find time to be creative. Psychologist Gregg Jacobs suggests that the period of time that people used to spend awake in past centuries could have been used to regulate stress. Other experts remind us that many people find that they wake in the night, and then get anxious at not being able to get back to sleep, which in itself exacerbates any sleeplessness.

exacerbate v. 使惡化；使加劇

Making use of the awake time to do something restful could help people improve their sleep. If you do want to try it, sleep researcher Mary Carskadon reminds us that we should stay away from bright lights to avoid disturbing our circadian rhythms. You also might want to check that it won’t disturb your work and social life too much.