日前，教育部發(fā)布《普通高等學校本科專業(yè)目錄（2026年）》，共新增38種普通高校本科新專業(yè)。本次獲批申辦高校可納入2026年高考招生。

The Ministry of Education has recently introduced 38 new undergraduate majors that will be available for recruitment through the 2026 national college entrance exam, or gaokao, expanding opportunities for students to pursue cutting-edge fields.

據(jù)悉，為精準對接國家戰(zhàn)略需求，教育部今年將增設(shè)能源科學與工程（energy science and engineering） 、深地科學與工程（deep-earth science and engineering）等專業(yè)；為服務(wù)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)化升級，將增設(shè)交通能源融合工程（transportation and energy integration engineering）、農(nóng)業(yè)機器人（agricultural robotics）等專業(yè)；為推動新興產(chǎn)業(yè)和未來產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，將增設(shè)生物制造（biomanufacturing）、腦機科學與技術(shù)（brain-computer science and technology）等專業(yè)；立足服務(wù)業(yè)擴能提質(zhì)，將增設(shè)數(shù)字文旅（digital culture and tourism）、商業(yè)人工智能（commercial artificial intelligence）等專業(yè)；聚焦打造智能經(jīng)濟新形態(tài)，將增設(shè)數(shù)字貿(mào)易（digital trade）、數(shù)字金融（digital finance）等專業(yè)。

同時，進一步完善戰(zhàn)略急需專業(yè)超常設(shè)置機制，支持哈爾濱工業(yè)大學、北京航空航天大學等9所高校增設(shè)具身智能新專業(yè)，推動新一代人工智能與實體經(jīng)濟深度融合，賦能經(jīng)濟社會高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。

The ministry also added embodied intelligence as a new major, with nine top universities — including Harbin Institute of Technology in Heilongjiang province and Beihang University — authorized to offer it. The program aims to integrate next-generation artificial intelligence with the real economy.

2026年4月28日，河北秦皇島，海港經(jīng)濟開發(fā)區(qū)小島空間智能機器人產(chǎn)業(yè)基地內(nèi)，工作人員正在進行機器人數(shù)據(jù)采集訓練。圖源：VCG

為更好適應新興交叉學科發(fā)展和復合型人才培養(yǎng)需求，2026年本科專業(yè)目錄在“交叉學科”門類中首批列入未來機器人、交叉工程等11種目錄內(nèi)已有專業(yè)和具身智能、腦機科學與技術(shù)等4種首次列入目錄的新專業(yè)。目前，本科專業(yè)目錄共涵蓋13個門類、92個專業(yè)類、883種專業(yè)。

據(jù)統(tǒng)計，“十四五”期間，全國高校新增本科專業(yè)布點1.02萬個、撤銷或停招1.22萬個，專業(yè)調(diào)整幅度持續(xù)增大，累計調(diào)整比例超30%，今年全國高校專業(yè)調(diào)整比例首次突破10%。

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-25), Chinese universities added 10,200 undergraduate program offerings while cutting or suspending 12,200. The annual adjustment rate exceeded 10 percent for the first time this year.

哈爾濱工業(yè)大學原副校長、空天學院院長沈毅表示，為服務(wù)國家戰(zhàn)略、技術(shù)進步和產(chǎn)業(yè)需求，學校將新設(shè)立“具身智能”本科專業(yè)。

據(jù)沈毅介紹，該專業(yè)“將人工智能從數(shù)字世界帶入物理世界”。他指出：“具身智能不僅指人形機器人，而是讓機器能夠在真實環(huán)境中感知、交互、決策并執(zhí)行行動?！?/p>

Shen Yi, former vice-president of Harbin Institute of Technology and dean of the School of Aerospace Innovation, said the university is launching a new undergraduate major in embodied intelligence to meet national strategies, technological progress and industrial demand.

"The major moves artificial intelligence from the digital world to the physical world," Shen said. "Embodied intelligence is not just about humanoid robots — it is about enabling machines to perceive, interact with, decide and act in real-world environments."

他表示，該專業(yè)將培養(yǎng)學生面向智能制造、醫(yī)療健康、航空航天、能源等領(lǐng)域開展工作?！爱厴I(yè)生將具身智能與特定領(lǐng)域相結(jié)合——例如具身智能+航空航天，或具身智能+能源——成為社會急需的復合型人才?！?/p>

沈毅強調(diào)，該專業(yè)注重項目式學習和主動學習?！皩W生將通過動手實踐來學習，而不僅僅是記筆記。”首批預計招生約50至60人，將于今年9月入學?！?/p>

“就像幾十年前的自動化或計算機科學一樣，具身智能將成為各行各業(yè)的底層工具?！鄙蛞阏f，“掌握它的人將在各自領(lǐng)域推動進步。”

"Like automation or computer science decades ago, embodied intelligence will become a foundational tool across all sectors," Shen said. "Those who master it will drive progress in their fields."

天津大學副校長明東介紹，全國首個直接面向本科招生的腦機接口專業(yè)——“腦機科學與技術(shù)”本科專業(yè)正式獲批，納入交叉學科門類，與學?！澳X機接口”一級交叉學科博士點相銜接。

Ming Dong, vice-president of Tianjin University, said the newly approved undergraduate major in brain-computer science and technology aligns with the university's first-level interdisciplinary doctoral program in the field, enabling it to establish a comprehensive bachelor's-master's-doctoral training system for brain-computer interface talent.

2026年4月14日，中國制造“十四五”成就展在北京舉行，圖為腦機接口技術(shù)展臺。圖源：VCG

明東表示，腦機接口作為國家“十五五”規(guī)劃重點培育的未來產(chǎn)業(yè)，應用潛力巨大。面向腦機接口未來產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展與國家戰(zhàn)略急需，天津大學創(chuàng)新開設(shè)的腦機科學與技術(shù)專業(yè)旨在培養(yǎng)能引領(lǐng)智能人機交互發(fā)展的高素質(zhì)領(lǐng)軍人才。

目前，天津大學已構(gòu)建本碩博完備的培養(yǎng)體系。學生從大一起系統(tǒng)掌握“器件-芯片-算法-系統(tǒng)-應用”全鏈條技術(shù)，通過核心課程如“腦語者”專項研究計劃以及個性化選修，錘煉解決復雜工程問題的能力。

Under the system, students will systematically master the full technology chain of brain-computer interfaces — from devices and chips to algorithms, systems and applications — beginning in their first year. Core courses include the "brain talker" research program, along with a wide range of electives, enabling students to build a solid theoretical foundation and develop practical skills to solve complex engineering problems.

記者：鄒碩

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